From Play to Proficiency: A Bibliometric Analysis of Role-Playing Games for Enhancing ESL Learning in Higher Education (2015-2024)

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of research on role-playing games (RPGs) as pedagogical tools for enhancing English as a Second Language (ESL) learning in higher education. Using the Web of Science database, 201 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2015 and 2024 were analysed to map publication trends, intellectual structures, and emerging research themes. Bibliometric techniques, including performance analysis, bibliographic coupling, and keyword co-occurrence analysis, were conducted using VOSviewer. The findings reveal a steady growth in publications and citations, indicating increasing scholarly interest in RPG-based learning. Performance analysis identifies leading journals, institutions, and countries contributing to the field, with strong research output from Asia, Europe, and North America. Bibliographic coupling uncovers four dominant research clusters: (a) RPGs for cognitive, emotional, and professional skill development; (b) gamification, classroom management, and narrative learning; (c) student motivation and engagement in game-based environments; and (d) technology-enhanced RPGs incorporating augmented reality, Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs), and intelligent tutoring systems. Keyword co-occurrence analysis highlights recurring themes such as gamification, motivation, performance, and higher education, reflecting the dual role of RPGs as both technological innovations and pedagogical strategies. Overall, the results demonstrate that RPGs are increasingly recognised as student-centred instructional tools that support language acquisition, engagement, collaboration, and socio-emotional development among ESL undergraduates. The study provides empirical insights into curriculum design, instructional innovation, and educational technology integration, advancing inclusive, high-quality higher education in alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education).